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Streptomyces coelicolor  is a Gram-positive microorganism often used as a model of physiological and morphological differentiation in streptomycetes, prolific producers of secondary metabolites with important biological activities. In the present study, we analysed  Streptomyces coelicolor  growth and differentiation in the presence of the hypo-methylating agent 5′-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) in order to investigate whether cytosine methylation has a role in differentiation. We found that cytosine demethylation caused a delay in spore germination, aerial mycelium development, sporulation, as well as a massive impairment of actinorhodin production. Thus, we searched for putative DNA methyltransferase genes in the genome and constructed a mutant of the  SCO1731  gene. The analysis of the  SCO1731 ::Tn5062 mutant strain demonstrated that inactivation of  SCO1731  leads to a strong decrease of cytosine methylation and almost to the same phenotype obtained after 5-aza-dC treatment. Altogether, our data demonstrate that cytosine methylation influences morphological differentiation and actinorhodin production in  S .  coelicolor  and expand our knowledge on this model bacterial system.

The SCO1731 methyltransferase modulates actinorhodin production and morphological differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)