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Rice grain number directly affects crop yield. Identifying alleles that improve panicle architecture would greatly aid the development of high-yield varieties. Here, we show that the quantitative trait locus  qSrn7  contains rice  FRIZZY PANICLE  ( FZP ), a previously reported gene encoding an ERF transcription factor that promotes floral transition. Reduced expression of  FZP  in the reproductive stage increases the extent of higher order branching of the panicle, resulting in increased grain number. Genotype analysis of this gene in cultivars from the publicly available National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) Core Collection demonstrated that the extent of higher order branching, especially in the upper panicle, was increased in those cultivars carrying the  FZP  allele associated with  qSrn7 . Furthermore, chromosome segment substitution lines resulting from a cross between Koshihikari and Kasalath, the latter of which carries  qSrn7/FZP , also showed that upper panicle higher order branching and grain yield were increased by  qSrn7/FZP . Our findings indicate that  qSrn7/FZP  influences panicle branching pattern and is thus useful in the breeding of high-yield rice varieties.

Comprehensive panicle phenotyping reveals that qSrn7/FZP influences higher-order branching