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We retrospectively reviewed the records of 142 patients with stage IB–IIIB cervical cancer who underwent  18 F-FDG-PET/CT before external beam radiotherapy plus intracavitary brachytherapy and concurrent chemotherapy. The patients were divided into training and validation cohorts to confirm the reliability of predictors for recurrence. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed and a Cox regression model was used to examine the effects of variables on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and pelvic relapse-free survival (PRFS). High gray-level run emphasis (HGRE) derived from gray-level run-length matrix most accurately and consistently predicted the presence of pelvic residual or recurrent tumors for both cohorts. In multivariate analysis, stages IIIA–IIIB ( P  = 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] = 4.07) and a low HGRE ( P  < 0.0001, HR = 4.34) were prognostic factors for low OS, whereas a low HGRE ( P  = 0.001, HR = 2.86) and nonsquamous cell histology ( P  = 0.003, HR = 2.76) were prognostic factors for inferior PFS. The nonsquamous cell histology ( P  < 0.0001, HR = 9.19) and a low HGRE ( P  = 0.001, HR = 4.69) were predictors for low PRFS. In cervical cancer patients receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy, pretreatment textural features on  18 F-FDG-PET/CT can supplement the prognostic information.

Textural features of cervical cancers on FDG-PET/CT associate with survival and local relapse in patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy