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The expression of plastid genes is regulated by two types of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) and nuclear-encoded RNA polymerase (NEP). The plastid  rpoA  polycistron encodes a series of essential chloroplast ribosome subunits and a core subunit of PEP. Despite the functional importance, little is known about the regulation of  rpoA  polycistron. In this work, we show that mTERF6 directly associates with a 3′-end sequence of  rpoA  polycistron  in vitro  and  in vivo , and that absence of mTERF6 promotes read-through transcription at this site, indicating that mTERF6 acts as a factor required for termination of plastid genes’ transcription  in vivo . In addition, the transcriptions of some essential ribosome subunits encoded by  rpoA  polycistron and PEP-dependent plastid genes are reduced in the  mterf6  knockout mutant. RpoA, a PEP core subunit, accumulates to about 50% that of the wild type in the mutant, where early chloroplast development is impaired. Overall, our functional analyses of mTERF6 provide evidence that it is more likely a factor required for transcription termination of  rpoA  polycistron, which is essential for chloroplast gene expression and chloroplast development.

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A nuclear-encoded protein, mTERF6, mediates transcription termination of rpoA polycistron for plastid-encoded RNA polymerase-dependent chloroplast gene expression and chloroplast development