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Ixodes scapularis  ticks transmit several pathogens to humans including rickettsial bacterium,  Anaplasma phagocytophilum . Here, we report that  A .  phagocytophilum  uses tick transcriptional activator protein-1 (AP-1) as a molecular switch in the regulation of arthropod antifreeze gene,  iafgp . RNAi-mediated silencing of  ap-1  expression significantly affected  iafgp  gene expression and  A .  phagocytophilum  burden in ticks upon acquisition from the murine host. Gel shift assays provide evidence that both the bacterium and AP-1 influences  iafgp  promoter and expression. The luciferase assays revealed that a region of approximately 700 bp upstream of the antifreeze gene is sufficient for AP-1 binding to promote  iafgp  gene expression. Furthermore, survival assays revealed that AP-1-deficient ticks were more susceptible to cold in comparison to the mock controls. In addition, this study also indicates arthropod AP-1 as a global regulator for some of the tick genes critical for  A .  phagocytophilum  survival in the vector. In summary, our study defines a novel mode of arthropod signaling for the survival of both rickettsial pathogen and its medically important vector in the cold.

Arthropod transcriptional activator protein-1 (AP-1) aids tick-rickettsial pathogen survival in the cold