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The commercially pure Ti (CP Ti) and equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) processed Ti can contribute to the downsizing of medical devices with their superior mechanical properties and negligible toxicity. However, the ECAP-processed pure Ti has the risk of bacterial infection. Here, the coarse- and ultrafine-grained Ti substrates were surface-modified with molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) to improve the cell proliferation and growth with antibacterial effect for further dental applications. According to  in vitro  tests using the pre-osteoblast of MC3T3-E1 cell and a bacterial model of  Escherichia coli  ( E .  coli ), MoS 2  nanoflakes coated and ECAP-processed Ti substrates showed a significant increase in surface energy and singlet oxygen generation resulting in improved cell attachment and antibacterial effect. In addition, we confirmed the stability of the surface modified Ti substrates in a physiological solution and an artificial bone. Taken together, MoS 2  modified and ECAP-processed Ti substrates might be successfully harnessed for various dental applications.

Molybdenum Disulfide Surface Modification of Ultrafine-Grained Titanium for Enhanced Cellular Growth and Antibacterial Effect