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Acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) are responsible for acyl-CoA synthesis from nonpolar hydrophilic fatty acids and play a vital role in many metabolic processes. As a category of ACS isozymes, members of ACS family (ACSF1-3) participate in lipid metabolism; however, their expression patterns, regulatory mechanisms and effects on egg-laying performance in chicken are poorly understood. Our  in vivo  and  in vitro  studies showed that  ACSF1-3  genes were extensively expressed, and their expression levels changed dynamically in the liver among different development stages. Moreover,  ACSF1  expression was upregulated and  ACSF2  expression was downregulated by estrogen, but  ACSF3  showed no response to estrogen treatment. The regulatory effect of estrogen on  ACSF1  expression was mediated via ERα. The  ACSF2  was highly expressed in the liver in peak-laying hens compared with pre-laying and late-laying hens, and also highly expressed in the liver continued egg-laying hens compared with inactive egg-laying hens. It is suggested that hepatic  ACSF2  expression level might relate to egg-laying performance in chicken. In conclusion, the expression of  ACSF1  was upregulated by estrogen via ERα, and the expression of  ACSF2  was downregulated by estrogen and might be related to egg-laying performance in chicken.

Dynamic Expression Profile, Regulatory Mechanism and Correlation with Egg-laying Performance of ACSF Gene Family in Chicken (Gallus gallus)