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Lasso peptides are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides produced by bacteria. They are characterized by an unusual lariat-knot structure. Targeted genome scanning revealed a wide diversity of lasso peptides encoded in actinobacterial genomes, but cloning and heterologous expression of these clusters turned out to be problematic. To circumvent this, we developed an orthogonal expression system for heterologous production of actinobacterial lasso peptides in  Streptomyces  hosts based on a newly-identified regulatory circuit from  Actinoalloteichus fjordicus . Six lasso peptide gene clusters, mainly originating from marine  Actinobacteria , were chosen for proof-of-concept studies. By varying the  Streptomyces  expression hosts and a small set of culture conditions, three new lasso peptides were successfully produced and characterized by tandem MS. The newly developed expression system thus sets the stage to uncover and bioengineer the chemo-diversity of actinobacterial lasso peptides. Moreover, our data provide some considerations for future bioprospecting efforts for such peptides.

An orthogonal system for heterologous expression of actinobacterial lasso peptides in Streptomyces hosts