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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Centenarians – reaching the age of >100 years while maintaining good cognitive skills – seemingly have unique biological features allowing healthy aging and protection from dementia. Here, we studied the expression of  SIRT1  along with miR-132 and miR-212, two microRNAs known to regulate  SIRT1 , in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 45 healthy donors aged 21 to 105 years and 24 AD patients, and in postmortem olfactory bulb and hippocampus tissues from 14 AD patients and 20 age-matched non-demented individuals. We observed 4.0-fold (P = 0.001) lower expression of  SIRT1 , and correspondingly higher expression of miR-132 (1.7-fold; P = 0.014) and miR-212 (2.1-fold; P = 0.036), in LCLs from AD patients compared with age-matched healthy controls. Additionally,  SIRT1  expression was 2.2-fold (P = 0.001) higher in centenarian LCLs compared with LCLs from individuals aged 56–82 years; while centenarian LCLs miR-132 and miR-212 indicated 7.6-fold and 4.1-fold lower expression, respectively. Correlations of  SIRT1 , miR-132 and miR-212 expression with cognitive scores were observed for AD patient-derived LCLs and postmortem AD olfactory bulb and hippocampus tissues, suggesting that higher  SIRT1  expression, possibly mediated by lower miR-132 and miR-212, may protect aged individuals from dementia and is reflected in their peripheral tissues.

SIRT1, miR-132 and miR-212 link human longevity to Alzheimer’s Disease