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Coral reefs face many stressors associated with global climate change, including increasing sea surface temperature and ocean acidification. Excavating sponges, such as  Cliona  spp., are expected to break down reef substrata more quickly as seawater becomes more acidic. However, increased bioerosion requires that  Cliona  spp. maintain physiological performance and health under continuing ocean warming. In this study, we exposed  C. orientalis  to temperature increments increasing from 23 to 32 °C. At 32 °C, or 3 °C above the maximum monthly mean (MMM) temperature, sponges bleached and the photosynthetic capacity of  Symbiodinium  was compromised, consistent with sympatric corals.  Cliona orientalis  demonstrated little capacity to recover from thermal stress, remaining bleached with reduced  Symbiodinium  density and energy reserves after one month at reduced temperature. In comparison,  C. orientalis  was not observed to bleach during the 2017 coral bleaching event on the Great Barrier Reef, when temperatures did not reach the 32 °C threshold. While  C. orientalis  can withstand current temperature extremes (<3 °C above MMM) under laboratory and natural conditions, this species would not survive ocean temperatures projected for 2100 without acclimatisation or adaptation (≥3 °C above MMM). Hence, as ocean temperatures increase above local thermal thresholds,  C. orientalis  will have a negligible impact on reef erosion.

The bioeroding sponge Cliona orientalis will not tolerate future projected ocean warming