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Species adulteration in herbal products (HPs) exposes consumers to health risks. Chemical and morphological methods have their own deficiencies when dealing with the detection of species containing the same active compounds in HPs. In this study, we developed a rapid identification method using the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay to detect two species,  Ginkgo biloba  and  Sophora japonica  (as adulteration), in  Ginkgo biloba  HPs. Among 36  Ginkgo biloba  HP samples, 34 were found to have  Ginkgo biloba  sequences, and 9 were found to have  Sophora japonica  sequences. During the authentication process, the RPA-LFS assay showed a higher specificity, sensitivity and efficiency than PCR-based methods. We initially applied the RPA-LSF technique to detect plant species in HPs, demonstrating that this assay can be developed into an efficient tool for the rapid on-site authentication of plant species in  Ginkgo biloba  HPs.

Rapid Authentication of Ginkgo biloba Herbal Products Using the Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay