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Dark septate endophytes (DSE) may facilitate plant growth and stress tolerance in stressful ecosystems. However, little is known about the response of plants to non-host DSE fungi isolated from other plants, especially under drought condition. This study aimed to seek and apply non-host DSE to evaluate their growth promoting effects in a desert species,  Ammopiptanthus mongolicus , under drought condition. Nine DSE strains isolated from a super-xerophytic shrub,  Gymnocarpos przewalskii , were identified and used as the non-host DSE. And DSE colonization rate (30–35%) and species composition in the roots of  G .  przewalskii  were first reported. The inoculation results showed that all DSE strains were effective colonizers and formed a strain-dependent symbiosis with  A .  mongolicus . Specifically, one  Darksidea  strain,  Knufia  sp., and  Leptosphaeria  sp. increased the total biomass of  A .  mongolicus  compared to non-inoculated plants. Two  Paraconiothyrium  strains,  Phialophora  sp., and  Embellisia chlamydospora  exhibited significantly positive effects on plant branch number, potassium and calcium content. Two  Paraconiothyrium  and  Darksidea  strains particularly decreased plant biomass or element content. As  A .  mongolicus  plays important roles in fixing moving sand and delay desertification, the ability of certain DSE strains to promote desert plant growth indicates their potential use for vegetation recovery in arid environments.

Dark septate endophytes isolated from a xerophyte plant promote the growth of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus under drought condition