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Hypovitaminosis D is associated with age-related illnesses, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CRVD), cerebrovascular disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In our retrospective observational study, blood samples of elderly healthy controls (n = 461) and patients with age-related diseases (n = 8,621) were subjected to flow-cytometry in order to determine correlations between age-related diseases and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), CD8, CD3, and CD19 lymphocyte markers, as well as serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2  (25(OH)D 2 ) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3  (25(OH)D 3 ). More than 70% of the patients in each disease group had total vitamin D < 20 ng/mL ( P  < 0.001). In CRVD patients, CD3 and CD19 correlated ( P  < 0.05) with 25(OH)D 3 . In CAD patients, CD8, CD4, CD19 and CD4/CD8 correlated ( P  < 0.05) with 25(OH)D 2 , and CD8 correlated ( P  < 0.05) with 25(OH)D 3 . In T2DM and hypertension patients, CD8, CD3, CD19 and CD4/CD8 correlated with 25(OH)D 3 . Progressive trends ( P  < 0.05) towards increased CD8 and CD4/CD8 were observed in vitamin-D-deficient T2DM and hypertension patients. Significant differences ( P  < 0.05) in CD8 were observed in vitamin-D-deficient CAD patients, whereas significant differences ( P  < 0.05) in CD8 and CD19 were observed in CRVD patients. Higher CD8 and CD4/CD8 in 25(OH)D-deficient T2DM and hypertension patients suggested a Th1 lymphocyte profile induction. Increases in CD8-positive lymphocytes suggested a similar, less pronounced effect in vitamin-D-deficient CRVD and CAD patients.

Vitamin D levels correlate with lymphocyte subsets in elderly patients with age-related diseases