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Francisella tularensis  is a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes the zoonotic disease tularemia. We identified the transcription elongation factor GreA as a virulence factor in our previous study, but its role was not defined. Here, we investigate the effects of the inactivation of the  greA  gene, generating a  greA  mutant of  F. tularensis  subsp.  novicida . Inactivation of  greA  impaired the bacterial invasion into and growth within host cells, and subsequently virulence in mouse infection model. A transcriptomic analysis (RNA-Seq) showed that the loss of GreA caused the differential expression of 196 bacterial genes, 77 of which were identified as virulence factors in previous studies. To confirm that GreA regulates the expression of virulence factors involved in cell invasion by  Francisella , FTN_1186 ( pepO ) and FTN_1551 ( ampD ) gene mutants were generated. The  ampD  deletion mutant showed reduced invasiveness into host cells. These results strongly suggest that GreA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of  Francisella  by affecting the expression of virulence genes and provide new insights into the complex regulation of  Francisella  infection.

Transcription Elongation Factor GreA Plays a Key Role in Cellular Invasion and Virulence of Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida