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The immunomodulatory properties of human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) have not been well characterised. Initial studies showed that eMSC modulated the chronic inflammatory response to a non-degradable polyamide/gelatin mesh in a xenogeneic rat skin wound repair model, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of eMSC on the macrophage response to polyamide/gelatin composite mesh in an abdominal subcutaneous wound repair model in C57BL6 immunocompetent and NSG (NOD-Scid-IL2Rgamma  null  ) immunocompromised mice to determine whether responses differed in the absence of an adaptive immune system and NK cells. mCherry lentivirus-labelled eMSC persisted longer in NSG mice, inducing longer term paracrine effects. Inclusion of eMSC in the mesh reduced inflammatory cytokine (Il-1β, Tnfα) secretion, and in C57BL6 mice reduced CCR7 +  M1 macrophages surrounding the mesh on day 3 and increased M2 macrophage marker mRNA ( Arg1 ,  Mrc1, Il10 ) expression at days 3 and 7. In NSG mice, these effects were delayed and only observed at days 7 and 30 in comparison with controls implanted with mesh alone. These results show that the differences in the immune status in the two animals directly affect the survival of xenogeneic eMSC which leads to differences in the short-term and long-term macrophage responses to implanted meshes.

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Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Modulate the Macrophage Response to Implanted Polyamide/Gelatin Composite Mesh in Immunocompromised and Immunocompetent Mice