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The first amphibian skin secretion-derived Bowman-Birk type chymotrypsin inhibitor is described here from the Asian green frog,  Hylarana erythraea , and was identified by use of molecular cloning and tandem mass spectrometric amino acid sequencing. It was named  Hylarana erythraea  chymotrypsin inhibitor (HECI) and in addition to inhibition of chymotrypsin (Ki = 3.92 ± 0.35 μM), the peptide also inhibited the 20 S proteasome (Ki = 8.55 ± 1.84  μM). Additionally, an analogue of HECI, named K 9 -HECI, in which Phe 9  was substituted by Lys 9  at the P1 position, was functional as a trypsin inhibitor. Both peptides exhibited anti-proliferation activity against the human cancer cell lines, H157, PC-3 and MCF-7, up to a concentration of 1 mM and possessed a low degree of cytotoxicity on normal cells, HMEC-1. However, HECI exhibited higher anti-proliferative potency against H157. The results indicate that HECI, inhibiting chymotryptic-like activity of proteasome, could provide new insights in treatment of lung cancer.

A Bowman-Birk type chymotrypsin inhibitor peptide from the amphibian, Hylarana erythraea