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Large spin splitting at Rashba interface, giving rise to strong spin-momentumlocking, is essential for efficient spin-to-charge conversion. Recently, aCu/Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) interface has been found to exhibit an efficientspin-to-charge conversion similar to a Ag/Bi interface with large Rashba spinsplitting. However, the guiding principle of designing the metal/oxideinterface for the efficient conversion has not been clarified yet. Here wereport strong non-magnetic (NM) material dependence of spin splitting atNM/Bi2O3 interfaces. We employed spin pumping technique to inject spin currentinto the interface and evaluated the magnitude of interfacial spin-to-chargeconversion. We observed large modulation and sign change in conversioncoefficient which corresponds to the variation of spin splitting. Ourexperimental results together with first-principles calculations indicate thatsuch large variation is caused by material dependent electron distribution nearthe interface. The results suggest that control of interfacial electrondistribution by tuning the difference in work function across the interface maybe an effective way to tune the magnitude and sign of spin-to-charge conversionand Rashba parameter at interface.

Clear variation of spin splitting by changing electron distribution at non-magnetic metal/Bi2O3 interfaces