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Recent study has shown that RNA interference (RNAi) is efficient in emerald ash borer (EAB),  Agrilus planipennis , and that ingestion of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting specific genes causes gene silencing and mortality in neonates. Here, we report on the identification of highly effective target genes for RNAi-mediated control of EAB. We screened 13 candidate genes in neonate larvae and selected the most effective target genes for further investigation, including their effect on EAB adults and on a non-target organism,  Tribolium castaneum . The two most efficient target genes selected,  hsp  (heat shock 70-kDa protein cognate 3) and  shi  (shibire), caused up to 90% mortality of larvae and adults. In EAB eggs, larvae, and adults, the  hsp  is expressed at higher levels when compared to that of  shi . Ingestion of dsHSP and dsSHI caused mortality in both neonate larvae and adults. Administration of a mixture of both dsRNAs worked better than either dsRNA by itself. In contrast, injection of EAB.dsHSP and EAB.dsSHI did not cause mortality in  T .  castaneum . Thus, the two genes identified cause high mortality in the EAB with no apparent phenotype effects in a non-target organism, the red flour beetle, and could be used in RNAi-mediated control of this invasive pest.

Identification of highly effective target genes for RNAi-mediated control of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis