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Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing  Escherichia coli  (STEC) is increasingly recognized as an important enteric foodborne pathogen. The hallmark of the disease is the production of Shiga toxins; however, there are other virulence factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of STEC. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of the enterohaemolysin gene,  ehxA , among non-O157 STEC strains from human, animal, and food sources. The  ehxA  gene was amplified from 138 (31.8%) of 434 non-O157 STEC strains, among which 36 unique  ehxA  sequences were identified. Based on  ehxA  sequence analysis, three phylogenetic  ehxA  groups (I II, and III) were determined. Correlations between  ehxA  groups and sources, serotypes, and virulent gene profiles were observed. The  ehxA  group II strains were mostly diarrhoeal patient-derived and may demonstrate higher pathogenic potential compared with the  ehxA  group I and group III strains. Five types of replicons (I1-Ig, FIB, K, F, and B/O) were identified in the 138  ehxA -positive strains, and 3.6%, 5.8%, and 52.2% of the strains harboured  toxB ,  katP  and  espP  genes, respectively, implying marked genetic diversity of  ehxA  containing plasmids in non-O157 STEC strains. Sequence-based  ehxA  genotyping might be important in modern strain typing and in epidemiological surveillance of non-O157 STEC infections.

Genetic diversity of the enterohaemolysin gene (ehxA) in non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in China