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Bacterial communities have rich social lives. A well-established interactioninvolves the exchange of a public good in Pseudomonas populations, where theiron-scavenging compound pyoverdine, synthesized by some cells, is shared withthe rest. Pyoverdine thus mediates interactions between producers andnon-producers and can constitute a public good. This interaction is often usedto test game theoretical predictions on the "social dilemma" of producers. Suchan approach, however, underestimates the impact of specific properties of thepublic good, for example consequences of its accumulation in the environment.Here, we experimentally quantify costs and benefits of pyoverdine production ina specific environment, and build a model of population dynamics thatexplicitly accounts for the changing significance of accumulating pyoverdine aschemical mediator of social interactions. The model predicts that, in anensemble of growing populations (metapopulation) with different initialproducer fractions (and consequently pyoverdine contents), the global producerfraction initially increases. Because the benefit of pyoverdine declines atsaturating concentrations, the increase need only be transient. Confirmed byexperiments on metapopulations, our results show how a changing benefit of apublic good can shape social interactions in a bacterial population.

Interactions mediated by a public good transiently increase cooperativity in growing Pseudomonas putida metapopulations