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This work presents a method to produce structural composites capable ofenergy storage. They are produced by integrating thin sandwich structures ofCNT fiber veils and an ionic liquid-based polymer electrolyte between carbonfiber plies, followed by infusion and curing of an epoxy resin. The resultingstructure behaves simultaneously as an electric double-layer capacitor and astructural composite, with flexural modulus of 60 GPa and flexural strength of153 MPa, combined with 88 mF/g of specific capacitance and the highest power(30 W/kg) and energy (37.5 mWh/kg) densities reported so far for structuralsupercapacitors. In-situ electrochemical measurements during 4-point bendingshow that electrochemical performance is retained up to fracture, with minorchanges in equivalent series resistance for interleaves under compressivestress. En route to improving interlaminar properties we produce grid-shapedinterleaves that enable mechanical interconnection of plies by the stiff epoxy.Synchrotron 3D X-ray tomography analysis of the resulting hierarchicalstructure confirms the formation of interlaminar epoxy joints. The manuscriptdiscusses encapsulation role of epoxy, demonstrated by charge-dischargemeasurements of composites immersed in water, a deleterious agent for ionicliquids. Finally, we show different architectures free of current collector andelectrical insulators, in which both CNT fiber and CF act as active electrodes.

Energy storage in structural composites by introducing CNT fiber/polymer electrolyte interleaves