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Distribution of diazotrophs and their nitrogen fixation activity were investigated in the northern South China Sea (nSCS) and the Kuroshio from July 16th to September 1st, 2009. N 2  fixation activities in whole seawater and <10 μm fraction at the surface were measured by acetylene reduction assay. Higher activities were observed at the East China Sea (ECS) Kuroshio and the nSCS shelf. The nSCS basin showed a low N 2  fixation activity. The <10 μm fractions (unicellular diazotrophs) contributed major portion to the whole-water activity in the survey time, indicating that nanoplanktonic cyanobacterias were the major diazotrophs in the survey area. Daily N 2  fixation rates of  Trichodesmium  ranged from 0.11 to 9.83 pmolNtrichome −1  d −1  with an average of 4.03 pmolNtrichome −1  d −1 . The Luzon Strait and the ECS Kuroshio had higher N 2  fixation rates of  Trichodesmium  than the nSCS shelf and basin. Calculated activities of  Trichodesmium  at most stations were moderately low compared with that of the whole-water. The contribution of N 2  fixation by the whole-water to primary production ranged from 1.7% to 18.5%. The estimated amount of new nitrogen introduced by  Trichodesmium  contributed up to 0.14% of the total primary production and 0.41% of the new production in the Luzon Strait.

Nitrogen Fixation by Trichodesmium and unicellular diazotrophs in the northern South China Sea and the Kuroshio in summer