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Seven full-scale biological wastewater treatment systems located in the Polar Arctic Circle region in Finland were investigated to determine their  Archaea ,  Bacteria  and  Fungi  community structure, and their relationship with the operational conditions of the bioreactors by the means of quantitative PCR, massive parallel sequencing and multivariate redundancy analysis. The results showed dominance of  Archaea  and  Bacteria  members in the bioreactors. The activated sludge systems showed strong selection of  Bacteria  but not for  Archaea  and  Fungi , as suggested by diversity analyses. Core OTUs in influent and bioreactors were classified as  Methanobrevibacter ,  Methanosarcina ,  Terrestrial Group Thaumarchaeota  and unclassified  Euryarchaeota  member for  Archaea ;  Trichococcus ,  Leptotrichiaceae  and  Comamonadaceae  family, and  Methylorosula  for  Bacteria  and  Trichosporonaceae  family for  Fungi . All influents shared core OTUs in all domains, but in bioreactors this did not occur for  Bacteria . Oligotype structure of core OTUs showed several ubiquitous  Fungi  oligotypes as dominant in sewage and bioreactors. Multivariate redundancy analyses showed that the majority of core OTUs were related to organic matter and nutrients removal. Also, there was evidence of competition among  Archaea  and  Fungi  core OTUs, while all  Bacteria  OTUs were positively correlated among them. The results obtained highlighted interesting features of extremely cold temperature bioreactors.

Microbial ecology of full-scale wastewater treatment systems in the Polar Arctic Circle: Archaea, Bacteria and Fungi