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Peptides are signaling molecules regulating various aspects of plant development, including the balance between cell division and differentiation in different meristems. Among those, CLAVATA3/Embryo Surrounding Region-related (CLE-ESR) peptide activity depends on leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like-kinases (LRR-RLK) belonging to the subclass XI. In legume plants, such as the  Medicago truncatula  model, specific CLE peptides were shown to regulate root symbiotic nodulation depending on the LRR-RLK SUNN (Super Numeric Nodules). Amongst the ten  M. truncatula  LRR-RLK most closely related to SUNN, only one showed a nodule-induced expression, and was so-called MtNRLK1 (Nodule-induced Receptor-Like Kinase 1).  MtNRLK1  expression is associated to root and nodule vasculature as well as to the proximal meristem and rhizobial infection zone in the nodule apex. Except for the root vasculature, the  MtNRLK1  symbiotic expression pattern is different than the one of  MtSUNN . Functional analyses either based on RNA interference, insertional mutagenesis, and overexpression of  MtNRLK1  however failed to identify a significant nodulation phenotype, either regarding the number, size, organization or nitrogen fixation capacity of the symbiotic organs formed.

MtNRLK1, a CLAVATA1-like leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase upregulated during nodulation in Medicago truncatula