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Nitrate is not only an important nutrient but also a signaling molecule for plants. A few of key molecular components involved in primary nitrate responses have been identified mainly by forward and reverse genetics as well as systems biology, however, many underlining mechanisms of nitrate regulation remain unclear. In this study, we show that the expression of  NRT1.1 , which encodes a nitrate sensor and transporter (also known as  CHL1  and  NPF6.3 ), is modulated by NIN-like protein 7 (NLP7). Genetic and molecular analyses indicate that  NLP7  works upstream of  NRT1.1  in nitrate regulation when NH 4  +  is present, while in absence of NH 4  + , it functions in nitrate signaling independently of  NRT1.1 . Ectopic expression of  NRT1.1  in  nlp7  resulted in partial or complete restoration of nitrate signaling (expression from nitrate-regulated promoter NRP), nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity in the transgenic lines. Transcriptome analysis revealed that four nitrogen-related clusters including amino acid synthesis-related genes and members of  NRT1/PTR  family were modulated by both  NLP7  and  NRT1.1 . In addition, ChIP and EMSA assays results indicated that NLP7 may bind to specific regions of the  NRT1.1  promoter. Thus,  NLP7  acts as an important factor in nitrate signaling via regulating  NRT1.1  under NH 4  +  conditions.

The Arabidopsis NLP7 gene regulates nitrate signaling via NRT1.1–dependent pathway in the presence of ammonium