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Every niche in the biosphere is touched by the seemingly endless capacity of microbes to transform the world around them by adapting swiftly and flexibly to the environmental changes, likewise the gastrointestinal tract is no exception. The ability to cope with rapid changes in external osmolarity is an important aspect of gut microbes for their survival and colonization. Identification of these survival mechanisms is a pivotal step towards understanding genomic suitability of a symbiont for successful human gut colonization. Here we highlight our recent work applying functional metagenomics to study human gut microbiome to identify candidate genes responsible for the salt stress tolerance. A plasmid borne metagenomic library of  Bacteroidetes  enriched human fecal metagenomic DNA led to identification of unique salt osmotolerance clones SR6 and SR7. Subsequent gene analysis combined with functional studies revealed that  TLSRP1  within  pSR 7 and  TMSRP1  and  ABCTPP  of  pSR 6 are the active loci responsible for osmotolerance through an energy dependent mechanism. Our study elucidates the novel genetic machinery involved in bestowing osmotolerance in  Prevotella  and  Bacteroidetes , the predominant microbial groups in a North Indian population. This study unravels an alternative method for imparting ionic stress tolerance, which may be prevalent in the human gut microbiome.

Functional metagenomics identifies novel genes ABCTPP, TMSRP1 and TLSRP1 among human gut enterotypes