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We have deposited self-assembled BiFeO 3 -CoFe 2 O 4  (BFO-CFO) thin films on (100)-oriented SrRuO 3 -buffered Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.62 Ti 0.38 O 3  (PMN-38PT) single crystal substrates. These heterostructures were used for the study of real-time changes in the magnetization with applied DC electric field (E  DC  ). With increasing E  DC  , a giant magnetization change was observed along the out-of-plane (easy) axis. The induced magnetization changes of the CFO nanopillars in the BFO/CFO layer were about ΔM/M  rDC   = 93% at E  DC   = −3  kv / cm . A giant converse magnetoelectric (CME) coefficient of 1.3 × 10 −7  s/m was estimated from the data. By changing E  DC  , we found multiple(N ≥ 4) unique possible values of a stable magnetization with memory on the removal of the field.

scientific reports

Nanopillars with E-field accessible multi-state (N ≥ 4) magnetization having giant magnetization changes in self-assembled BiFeO3-CoFe2O4/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-38at%PbTiO3 heterostructures