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In this work, a three-dimensional porous mycelium-derived activated carbon (3D-MAC) was fabricated via a facile bio-templating method using mycelium pellets as both the carbon source and the bio-template. After ZnCl 2  activation and high-temperature carbonization, the specific thread-like chain structure of mycelium in the pellets can be maintained effectively. The hyphae and junctions of the cross-linking hyphae form nanowires and carbon nanoparticles that link with the neighboring nanoparticles to form a network structure. By adding NH 4 Cl, foreign nitrogen element doped (N-doped) 3D-MAC was obtained, which has a hierarchical porous structure composed of micropores and macropores. And the multiple pore size distribution benefits from ZnCl 2  activation, the specific 3D structure and gas blowing. Meanwhile, the introduction of some hydrophilic groups and abundant N-containing functional groups in extrinsic N-doped 3D-MAC contributes to improving the Faradaic pseudocapacitance, respectively. A specific capacitance of 237.2 F g −1  at 10 mV s −1  was displayed, which is more than 1.5 times that of 3D-MAC. Even at the large scan rate of 500 mV s −1 , N-doped 3D-MAC still reveals a nearly symmetric rectangular shape, demonstrating great potential as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode material due to the synergistic effects of its 3D hierarchical porous structure and various functional groups.

Bio-templated fabrication of three-dimensional network activated carbons derived from mycelium pellets for supercapacitor applications