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The rice pathogenesis-related protein OsPR10a was scarcely expressed in  OsCDPK1 -silenced ( Ri-1 ) rice, which was highly sensitive to pathogen infection. After inoculating the leaves with bacterial blight ( Xanthomonas oryzae  pv.  oryzae ;  Xoo ), we found that the expression of  OsPR10a  was up- and down-regulated in  OEtr-1  (overexpression of the constitutively active truncated form of  OsCDPK1 ) and  Ri-1  rice plants, respectively.  OsPR10a  and  OsCDPK1  showed corresponding expression patterns and were up-regulated in response to the jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and  Xoo  treatments, and  OsPR1  and  OsPR4  were significantly up-regulated in  OEtr-1 . These results suggest that  OsCDPK1  may be an upstream regulator involved in rice innate immunity and conferred broad-spectrum of disease resistance. Following the  Xoo  inoculation, the  OEtr-1  and  Ri-1  seedlings showed enhanced and reduced disease resistance, respectively. The dihybrid rice  Ri-1/OsPR10a-Ox  not only bypassed the effect of  OsCDPK1  silencing on the susceptibility to  Xoo  but also showed enhanced disease resistance and, consistent with  Ri-1  phenotypes, increased plant height and grain size. Our results reveal that  OsCDPK1  plays novel key roles in the cross-talk and mediation of the balance between stress response and development and provides a clue for improving grain yield and disease resistance simultaneously in rice.

Overexpression of a constitutively active truncated form of OsCDPK1 confers disease resistance by affecting OsPR10a expression in rice