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The ecophysiological characteristics of native  Phragmites australi s and exotic  Spartina alterniflora  grown under waterlogging and salinity were investigated to explore their adaptation potential to sea level rise. The seasonal course of phenotypic traits, photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of  P. australis  did not change remarkably under shallow flooding, whereas these variables were sensitive to increasing salinity. Waterlogging exacerbated the negative effects of salinity on shoot growth and photosynthetic activity of  P. australis , and the combined stresses led to an absence of tassel and reproductive organs. By contrast,  S. alterniflora  performed well under both stresses and showed an obvious adaptation of salt secretion with increasing salinity. Light salinity was the optimal condition for  S. alterniflora , and the tassel growth, chlorophyll content and fluorescence characters under moderate stresses did not differ notably. The Na +  and Cl −  concentrations in leaves of both species increased, and the K +  content decreased in response to salinity. Under moderate and high saline levels, the ion concentrations in  S. alterniflora  were maintained at relatively consistent levels with increased salt secretion. We expect the degradation of  P. australis  and further colonization of  S. alterniflora  under prolonged flooding and saltwater intrusion from sea level rise on the coastline of China.

Ecophysiological response of native and exotic salt marsh vegetation to waterlogging and salinity: Implications for the effects of sea-level rise