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Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the current standard of care for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We hypothesize that shifting CCRT to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (NeoCT-RT) is an alternative option. From December 2004 to January 2009, 256 NPC patients with stage II-IVB were treated by either CCRT or NeoCT-RT. All patients received the same dosage and fractionation schedule of RT. After long-term follow-up, 26.8% (34/127) and 23.3% (30/129) of patients who received CCRT and NeoCT-RT respectively, developed a tumor relapse (P = 0.6134). Overall survival (HR = 1.52, 95%CI = 0.91–2.55, P = 0.1532) and progression-free survival (HR = 1.22, 95%CI = 0.75–1.99, P = 0.4215) were similar in both groups. However, acute toxicities during RT period revealed a significant reduction of grade 3/4 vomiting (23% vs. 0%, P < 0.0001), mucositis (55% vs. 16%, P < 0.0001), and neck dermatitis (31% vs. 16%, P = 0.0041) in the NeoCT-RT group, resulting in fewer emergency room visits (10.2% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.0071). Severe treatment-related late toxicity (15% vs. 14%, P = 0.9590) and the occurrence of second malignancy (3.9% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.7887) also showed no differences. We concluded that NeoCT-RT could be an attractive alternative option of CCRT for advanced NPC.

Comparison Long-term Outcome of Definitive Radiotherapy plus Different Chemotherapy Schedules in Patients with Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma