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Plasmodium ovale curtisi  ( Poc ) and  Plasmodium ovale wallikeri  ( Pow ) have been described as two distinct species, only distinguishable by molecular methods such as PCR. Because of no well-defined endemic area and a variable clinical presentation as higher thrombocytopenia and nausea associated with  Pow  infection and asymptomatic forms of the pathology with  Poc  infection, rapid and specific identification of  Plasmodium ovale curtisi  and  Plasmodium ovale wallikeri  are needed. The aim of the study was to evaluate a new quantitative real-time PCR coupled with high resolution melting revelation (qPCR-HRM) for identification of both species. Results were compared with a nested-PCR, considered as a gold standard for  Pow  and  Poc  distinction. 356 samples including all human  Plasmodium  species at various parasitaemia were tested. The qPCR-HRM assay allowed  Poc  and  Pow  discrimination in 66 samples tested with a limit of detection evaluated at 1 parasite/µL. All these results were concordant with nested-PCR. Cross-reaction was absent with others blood parasites. The qPCR-HRM is a rapid and convenient technique to  Poc  and  Pow  distinction.

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Distinction of Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and Plasmodium ovale curtisi using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction with High Resolution Melting revelation