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High dispersal of Lepidoptera larvae between non-Bt and Bt cotton plants can favour the evolution of insect resistance; however, information on host acceptance of neonates in tropical transgenic crops is scarce. Therefore, the purposes of this study were as follows: ( i ) to investigate the feeding behaviour of susceptible and Cry1F-resistant strains of  Spodoptera frugiperda  (J.E. Smith) on Bt and non-Bt cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum  L.) varieties and ( ii ) to understand the possible effects of cotton field contamination on the dispersal and infestation capacity of  S .  frugiperda  larvae by using an individual-based model. The main results of this paper are as follows: ( 1 ) the highest post-feeding larval dispersal of the Cry1F-resistant strain occurred at an exposure time of 18–24 h; ( 2 ) via video tracking assays, we found that the least distance moved was by larvae resistant to Cry1F on non-Bt cotton; and ( 3 ) the model indicated differences in mobility capacity between Bt and non-Bt cotton. We conclude that resistant neonates exhibit sedentary behaviour. Our report represents the first findings concerning the fitness cost of larval behaviour traits of  S .  frugiperda  associated with Cry1F resistance in Brazilian populations.

Larval Dispersal of Spodoptera frugiperda Strains on Bt Cotton: A Model for Understanding Resistance Evolution and Consequences for its Management