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The ability to cause reproductive isolation often varies among individuals within a plant species. We addressed whether such polymorphism influenced speciation of the allopolyploid common wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L., AABBDD genome) by evaluating the expression of pre-pollination (outcrossing potential) and post-pollination (crossability) barriers in  Aegilops tauschii  Coss. (the D genome progenitor). In total, 201  Ae. tauschii  accessions representing the entire natural habitat range of the species were used for anther length measurement and artificial crosses with a  Triticum turgidum  L. (the AB genome progenitor) tester. Intraspecific comparisons showed that both barriers were more strongly expressed in the TauL1 lineage than in the TauL2 lineage. The ability of  Ae. tauschii  to cause reproductive isolation in the hybridisation with  T. turgidum  might have markedly influenced common wheat’s speciation by inducing lineage-associated patterns of gene flow. The TauL2 accessions with high potential for natural hybridisation with  T. turgidum  clustered in the southern coastal Caspian region. This provided phenotypic support for the derivation of the D genome of common wheat from southern Caspian populations. The present study underscored the importance of approaches that incorporate the genealogical and geographic structure of the parental species’ reproductive isolation in understanding the mechanism of plant allopolyploid speciation.

The role of reproductive isolation in allopolyploid speciation patterns: empirical insights from the progenitors of common wheat