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Bactrocera dorsalis  (Hendel) is a fruit-eating pest that causes substantial economic damage to the fresh produce industry in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Methyl eugenol (ME) is a powerful attractant for mature males of  B. dorsalis , and has been widely used for detecting, luring and eradicating  B. dorsalis  populations worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the olfactory perception of ME remains largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the differential proteomics profiling of the antennae between ME-responsive and ME-non-responsive males by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). In total, 4622 proteins were identified, of which 277 proteins were significant differentially expressed, with 192 up-regulated and 85 down-regulated in responsive male antennae. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed the authenticity and accuracy of the proteomic analysis. Based on the iTRAQ and qRT-PCR results, we found that the odorant-binding protein 2 ( BdorOBP2 ) was abundantly expressed in responsive male antennae. Moreover,  BdorOBP2  was significantly up-regulated by ME in male antennae. Mature males showed significantly greater taxis toward ME than did mature females. Silencing  BdorOBP2  reduced mature males’ responsiveness to ME. These results indicate that  Bdor OBP2 may play an essential role in the molecular mechanism underlying  B. dorsalis  olfactory perception of ME.

BdorOBP2 plays an indispensable role in the perception of methyl eugenol by mature males of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)