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In the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium, enterochromaffin (EC) cells are enteroendocrine cells responsible for producing >90% of the body’s serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). However, the molecular mechanisms of EC cell function are poorly understood. Here, we found that EC cells in mouse primary cultures fired spontaneous bursts of action potentials. We examined the repertoire of voltage-gated sodium channels (Na V ) in fluorescence-sorted mouse EC cells and found that  Scn3a  was highly expressed.  Scn3a -encoded Na V 1.3 was specifically and densely expressed at the basal side of both human and mouse EC cells. Using electrophysiology, we found that EC cells expressed robust Na V 1.3 currents, as determined by their biophysical and pharmacologic properties. Na V 1.3 was not only critical for generating action potentials in EC cells, but it was also important for regulating 5-HT release by these cells. Therefore, EC cells use  Scn3a -encoded voltage-gated sodium channel Na V 1.3 for electrical excitability and 5-HT release. Na V 1.3-dependent electrical excitability and its contribution to 5-HT release is a novel mechanism of EC cell function.

Sodium channel NaV1.3 is important for enterochromaffin cell excitability and serotonin release