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The phylogeographic structure of the land snail  Camaena cicatricosa  was analyzed in this study based on mitochondrial gene ( COI  and  16srRNA , mt DNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) sequences in 347 individuals. This snail is the vector of the zoonotic food-borne parasite  Angiostrongylus cantonensis  and one of the main harmful snails distributed exclusively in China. The results revealed significant fixation indices of genetic differentiation and high gene flow between most populations except several populations. An isolation-by-distance test showed no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance among  C. cicatricosa  populations, which suggested that gene flow was not restricted by distance. The levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversity of  C. cicatricosa  were generally high, except those in some special populations, according to the mt DNA and ITS2 data. Furthermore, the phylogenetic trees and asteroid networks of haplotypes indicated nonobvious genetic structure, the same as results got based on the synonymous and non synonymous sites of 347 sequences of the  COI  gene. All lines of evidence indicated that climatic changes and geographical and human barriers do not substantially affect the current population structure and distribution of the investigated snails.

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Population genetic structure of the land snail Camaena cicatricosa (Stylommatophora, Camaenidae) in China inferred from mitochondrial genes and ITS2 sequences