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Seed germination and postgerminative growth of  Arabidopsis thaliana  and various other plant species are arrested in response to unfavourable environmental conditions by signalling events involving the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). In this study, we showed that loss of the seed-specific WRKY DNA-BINDING PROTEIN 43 (WRKY43) conferred increased tolerance towards high salt, high osmolarity and low temperature during seed germination in  Arabidopsis . The  wrky43  loss of function lines displayed increased inhibition of seed germination in response to exogenous ABA; whereas lines overexpressing  WRKY43  were more tolerant towards exogenous ABA. Biochemical analysis of fatty acid composition revealed that loss of  WRKY43  increased polyunsaturated fatty acid content in seeds, particularly 18:2 Δ9,12  and 18:3 Δ9,12,15  in triacylglycerols and phospholipids, indicating an important physiological effect on fatty acid desaturation with ramifications for the tolerance of plants to cold and osmotic stress and possibly, for oilseed engineering. Molecular analyses showed that ABA-induced regulation of  FUSCA3 ,  ZAT10  and seed storage proteins were absent in the  wrky43  mutant. In summary,  WRKY43  encodes for a novel positive regulator of ABA-dependent gene regulation and as a potent modulator of fatty acid desaturation and seed filling, which results in increased tolerance to abiotic stress.

WRKY43 regulates polyunsaturated fatty acid content and seed germination under unfavourable growth conditions