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Bradysia odoriphaga  and  Bradysia difformis  are devastating pests of vegetable, ornamental crops and edible mushrooms causing significant losses. Temperature may be an important factor restricting their population abundance in the summer. To determine the effects of short-term heat shock on adults, their survival, longevity and fecundity data were collected, and antioxidant responses and heat shock protein expression levels were examined. Our results indicated that the survival rates of  Bradysia  adults decreased rapidly after heat shock ≥36 °C, and the longevity and reproductive capacities were significantly inhibited, indicating that short-term heat shock had lethal and sub-lethal effects. Moreover, the lipid peroxidation levels of  B. difformis  and  B. odoriphaga  increased dramatically at 36 °C and 38 °C, respectively. Four antioxidant enzymes activities of  B. odoriphaga  were greater than those of  B. difformis  at 38 °C. Additionally,  hsp7 0 and  hsp90  expression levels significantly increased after heat stress, and higher expression levels of  B. difformis  and  B. odoriphaga  were discovered at 36 and 38 °C respectively, indicating their different heat tolerance levels. Overall, short-term heat shock (≥36 °C) caused significantly adverse effects on  Bradysia  adults, indicating that it could be applied in pest control, and antioxidant system and  hsp  genes played important roles in their heat tolerance levels.

Effects of short-term heat shock and physiological responses to heat stress in two Bradysia adults, Bradysia odoriphaga and Bradysia difformis