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Numerous variations are known to occur in the chloroplast genomes of parasitic plants. We determined the complete chloroplast genome sequences of two hemiparasitic species,  Tax i llus ch i nens i s  and  T .  sutchuenensis , using Illumina and PacBio sequencing technologies. These species are the first members of the family Loranthaceae to be sequenced. The complete chloroplast genomes of  T .  chinensis  and  T .  sutchuenensis  comprise circular 121,363 and 122,562 bp-long molecules with quadripartite structures, respectively. Compared with the chloroplast genomes of  N i cot i ana tabacum  and  Osyr i s alba , all  ndh  genes as well as three ribosomal protein genes, seven tRNA genes, four  ycf  genes, and the i nfA  gene of these two species have been lost. The results of the maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees strongly support the theory that Loranthaceae and Viscaceae are monophyletic clades. This research reveals the effect of a parasitic lifestyle on the chloroplast structure and genome content of  T .  chinensis  and  T .  sutchuenensis , and enhances our understanding of the discrepancies in terms of assembly results between Illumina and PacBio.

Gene losses and partial deletion of small single-copy regions of the chloroplast genomes of two hemiparasitic Taxillus species