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The ability of the mammalian ear in processing high frequency sounds, up to$\sim$100 kHz, is based on the capability of outer hair cells (OHCs) respondingto stimulation at high frequencies. These cells show a unique motility in theircell body coupled with charge movement. With this motile element, voltagechanges generated by stimuli at their hair bundles drives the cell body andthat, in turn, amplifies the stimuli. In vitro experiments show that themovement of these charges significantly increases the membrane capacitance,limiting the motile activity by additionally attenuating voltage changes. Itwas found, however, that such an effect is due to the absence of mechanicalload. In the presence of mechanical resonance, such as in vivo conditions, themovement of motile charges is expected to create negative capacitance near theresonance frequency. Therefore this motile mechanism is effective at highfrequencies.

Negative membrane capacitance of outer hair cells: electromechanical coupling near resonance