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To investigate the optimal dosage which can improve clinical efficacy and minimize resistance, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics model of enrofloxacin was established. Effect of enrofloxacin treatments on clearance of  Salmonella  in experimentally infected chickens and simultaneously resistance selection in  Salmonella  and coliforms were evaluated in three treatment groups (100, PK/PD designed dosage of 4, 0.1 mg/kg b.w.) and a control group. Treatment duration was three rounds of 7-day treatment alternated with 7-day withdrawal. Results showed that 100 mg/kg b.w. of enrofloxacin completely eradicated  Salmonella , but resistant coliforms (4.0–60.8%) were selected from the end of the second round’s withdrawal period till the end of the experiment (days 28–42). PK/PD based dosage (4 mg/kg b.w.) effectively reduced  Salmonella  for the first treatment duration. However upon cessation of medication,  Salmonella  repopulated chickens and persisted till the end with reduced susceptibility (MIC CIP  = 0.03–0.25 mg/L). Low frequency (5–9.5%) of resistant coliforms was selected (days 39–42). Enrofloxacin at dosage of 0.1 mg/kg b.w. was not able to eliminate  Salmonella  and selected coliforms with slight decreased susceptibility (MIC ENR  = 0.25 mg/L). In conclusion, short time treatment (7 days) of enrofloxacin at high dosage (100 mg/kg b.w.) could be effective in treating  Salmonella  infection while minimizing resistance selection in both  Salmonella  and coliforms.

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The effects of different enrofloxacin dosages on clinical efficacy and resistance development in chickens experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium