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The interaction of micro- and nano-structured target surfaces with high-powerlaser pulses is being widely investigated for its unprecedented absorptionefficiency. We have developed vertically aligned metallic micro-pillar arraysfor laser-driven proton acceleration experiments. We demonstrate that suchtargets help strengthen interaction mechanisms when irradiated withhigh-energy-class laser pulses of intensities $\sim$ $10^{17-18}$ W/cm$^2$. Incomparison with standard planar targets, we witness strongly enhancedhot-electron production and proton acceleration both in terms of maximumenergies and particle numbers. Supporting our experimental results,two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show an increase in laser energyconversion into hot electrons, leading to stronger acceleration fields. Thisopens a window of opportunity for further improvements of laser-driven ionacceleration systems.

Enhancing laser-driven proton acceleration by using micro-pillar arrays at high drive energy