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Auxin response factors (ARFs) are the transcription factors that regulate auxin responses in various aspects of plant growth and development. Although genome-wide analysis of ARF gene family has been done in some species, no information is available regarding ARF genes in chickpea. In this study, we identified 28 ARF genes (CaARF) in the chickpea genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CaARFs can be divided into four different groups. Duplication analysis revealed that 50% of  CaARF  genes arose from duplication events. We analyzed expression pattern of  CaARFs  in various developmental stages.  CaARF16 . 3 ,  CaARF17 . 1  and  CaARF17 . 2  showed highest expression at initial stages of flower bud development, while  CaARF6 . 2  had higher expression at later stages of flower development. Further,  CaARF4 . 2 ,  CaARF9 . 2 ,  CaARF16 . 2  and  CaARF7 . 1  exhibited differential expression under different abiotic stress conditions, suggesting their role in abiotic stress responses. Co-expression network analysis among  CaARF ,  CaIAA  and  CaGH3  genes enabled us to recognize components involved in the regulatory network associated with CaARFs. Further, we identified microRNAs that target  CaARFs  and  TAS3  locus that trigger production of trans-acting siRNAs targeting  CaARFs . The analyses presented here provide comprehensive information on ARF family members and will help in elucidating their exact function in chickpea.

Genome-wide identification and co-expression network analysis provide insights into the roles of auxin response factor gene family in chickpea