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The human gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the compositional development of gut microbiota. Though well documented in western pediatrics population, little is known about how various host conditions affect populations in different geographic locations such as the Indian subcontinent. Given the impact of distinct environmental conditions, our study assess the gut bacterial diversity of a small cohort of Indian and Finnish children and investigated the influence of  FUT2  secretor status and birth mode on the gut microbiome of these populations. Using multiple profiling techniques, we show that the gut bacterial community structure in 13–14-year-old Indian (n = 47) and Finnish (n = 52) children differs significantly. Specifically, Finnish children possessed higher  Blautia  and  Bifidobacterium , while genera  Prevotella  and  Megasphaera  were predominant in Indian children. Our study also demonstrates a strong influence of  FUT2  and birth mode variants on specific gut bacterial taxa, influence of which was noticed to differ between the two populations under study.

A cross-sectional comparative study of gut bacterial community of Indian and Finnish children