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Energy harvesting at low light intensities has recently attracted a great deal of attention of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) which are regarded as promising candidate for indoor application. Anomalous hysteresis of the PSCs a complex issue for reliable evaluation of the cell performance. In order to address these challenges, we constructed two new evaluation methods to determinate the power conversion efficiencies ( PCEs ) of PSCs. The first setup is a solar simulator based on light emitting diodes (LEDs) allowing evaluation of the solar cells at wider range of light intensities, ranging from 10 2  to 10 −3  mW·cm −2 . As the overestimate error, we found that the  PCEs  of dye sensitized solar cell (DSC) and PSCs increase dramatically at low light intensities conditions. Due to the internal capacitance at the interfaces on hybrid solar cells, the measurement of current below 10 −2  mW·cm −2  shows constant value given high  PCE , which is related to the capacitive current and origin of the hysteresis. The second setup is a photovoltaic power analyzing system, designed for tracking the maximum power ( P   max ) with time. The paper suggests the combination of the LED solar simulator and  P   max  tracking technique as a standard to evaluate the  PCE  of capacitive solar cells.

Determination of unique power conversion efficiency of solar cell showing hysteresis in the I-V curve under various light intensities