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Male oriental river prawns ( Macrobrachium nipponense ) grow faster than females, and therefore, reach larger sizes by harvest time. Histological observations have indicated that the sex-differentiation sensitive period (which includes the formation of the androgenic gland, the testis, and the ovary) is from post-larvae (PL) developmental stage for  M. nipponense . In this study, we prepared four microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA libraries using samples collected from sex-differentiation sensitive period (PL7 to PL16) to perform RNA-sequencing for identifying sex-related candidate miRNAs, genes, and metabolic pathways. A total of nine intersection miRNAs were identified, of which three were highly expressed in the androgenic gland, and their expression was verified by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR). These three miRNAs and their 11 predicted target genes may be strong candidates for sex-related miRNAs and sex-related genes in  M. nipponense . Five vital sex-related metabolic pathways were also identified that may regulate other sex-differentiation and sex-determination mechanisms. Finding of the study provide important insights to enhance our understanding on sex-differentiation and sex-determination mechanisms for  M .  nipponense .

scientific reports

Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles during the sex-differentiation sensitive period in oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense