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Elevated CO 2  levels associated with ocean acidification (OA) have been shown to alter behavioural responses in coral reef fishes. However, all studies to date have used stable  p CO 2  treatments, not considering the substantial diel  p CO 2  variation that occurs in shallow reef habitats. Here, we reared juvenile damselfish,  Acanthochromis polyacanthus , and clownfish,  Amphiprion percula , at stable and diel cycling  p CO 2  treatments in two experiments. As expected, absolute lateralization of  A. polyacanthus  and response to predator cue of  Am. percula  were negatively affected in fish reared at stable, elevated  p CO 2  in both experiments. However, diel  p CO 2  fluctuations reduced the negative effects of OA on behaviour. Importantly, in experiment two, behavioural abnormalities that were present in fish reared at stable 750 µatm CO 2  were largely absent in fish reared at 750 ± 300 µatm CO 2 . Overall, we show that diel  p CO 2  cycles can substantially reduce the severity of behavioural abnormalities caused by elevated CO 2 . Thus, past studies may have over-estimated the impacts of OA on the behavioural performance of coral reef fishes. Furthermore, our results suggest that diel  p CO 2  cycles will delay the onset of behavioural abnormalities in natural populations.

Diel CO2 cycles reduce severity of behavioural abnormalities in coral reef fish under ocean acidification