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For the first time, the heat dried biomass of a newly isolated fungus  Arthrinium malaysianum  was studied for the toxic Cr(VI) adsorption, involving more than one mechanism like physisorption, chemisorption, oxidation-reduction and chelation. The process was best explained by the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Redlich-Peterson isotherm with maximum predicted biosorption capacity ( Q    m  ) of 100.69 mg g −1 . Film-diffusion was the rate-controlling step and the adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic and entropy-driven. The mode of interactions between Cr(VI) ions and fungal biomass were investigated by several methods [Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)]. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirmed significant reduction of Cr(VI) into non-toxic Cr(III) species. Further, a modified methodology of Atomic Force Microscopy was successfully attempted to visualize the mycelial ultra-structure change after chromium adsorption. The influence of pH, biomass dose and contact time on Cr(VI) depletion were evaluated by Response Surface Model (RSM). FESEM-EDX analysis also exhibited arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) peaks on fungus surface upon treating with synthetic solutions of NaAsO 2  and Pb(NO 3 ) 2  respectively. Additionally, the biomass could also remove chromium from industrial effluents, suggesting the fungal biomass as a promising adsorbent for toxic metals removal.

Depletion of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by heat dried biomass of a newly isolated fungus Arthrinium malaysianum: A mechanistic approach