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In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome, mtDNA) of  Aposthonia borneensis  and compare it with another sequenced webspinner,  Aposthonia japonica . The  A. borneensis  mitogenome is smaller than  A. japonica , but the size of each gene and the A + T content of protein-coding genes (PCGs) are almost identical in the two mitogenomes. Among the PCGs,  atp6  shows the highest evolutionary rate and  cox1  the lowest. The mtDNA map in  A. borneensis  is similar to  Drosophila yakuba , but distinctly different from  A. japonica , which has extensive rearrangement. Phylogenetic analyses dated the divergence time of the two webspinners at ca. 103 Ma. We speculate that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of  A. borneensis  and  A. japonica  was divided into several geographic groups during the Pangea breakup. Geographic isolation between the Japanese islands and the continental southeastern Asia resulted in the divergent evolution of  A. borneensis  and  A. japonica , thus generating mtDNA structural variations between the two species. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and specific distributional features, the genus  Aposthonia  was supported as non-monophyly, and we speculate that both highly rearranged and relatively conserved mitogenomes exist in other webspinners.

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Comparative mitogenomic analysis of Aposthonia borneensis and Aposthonia japonica (Embioptera: Oligotomidae) reveals divergent evolution of webspinners